Impact of Post-operative Optimization for Colorectal Surgery

Pawel Olga, Department of General Surgery, Benue State University, Benue State, Nigeria, Email: Opawel@hotmail.com

Received: 05-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. EJMACES-22-79176; Editor assigned: 07-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. EJMACES-22-79176 (PQ); Reviewed: 21-Oct-2022, QC No. EJMACES-22-79176; Revised: 28-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. EJMACES-22-79176 (R); Published: 07-Nov-2022

Description

A Colorectal surgery is the field of medicine that deals with repairing damage caused by colorectal diseases. Numerous health issues in the rectum, anus, and colon that affect the gastrointestinal tract may require surgery. Injury or ischemia may also necessitate colorectal surgery. Colorectal surgery typically takes 1.5 to 3 hours to complete, but depending on your particular cancer therapy, you should inquire with your care team.

A branch of medicine called colorectal surgery treats conditions affecting the colon, rectum, and anus. Proctology is another name for the discipline; however it is no longer commonly used in medicine and is more typically used to refer to procedures that specifically affect the anus and rectum. The Greek words proktos, which means “anus” or “hindparts,” and o-logia, which mean “science” or “study,” are combined to form the word proctology. The abdomen is sliced in many places by the surgeon. Along with the neighbouring lymph nodes and other tissues around the rectum, the malignancies as well as a margin (edge or rim) of healthy tissue surrounding it are removed. In order to avoid the necessity for a permanent colostomy, the colon is subsequently reattached to the remaining rectum.

Proctologists or colorectal surgeons are the medical professionals who specialise in this area of treatment. The American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery or the American Osteopathic Board of Proctology will certify medical professionals in their area of specialisation after they have successfully completed a general surgery residency and a colorectal surgery fellowship. In some nations, the country’s board of surgery certifies doctors to practise proctology after a 2 to 3 year speciality residency.

Surgical treatment and diagnostic procedures

Depending on the patient’s state, surgical treatments for these disorders may include an anoplasty, ileo/ colostomy, polypectomy, strictureplasty, hemorrhoidectomy (in severe cases of haemorrhoids), and more. In colorectal surgery, diagnostic techniques like a colonoscopy are crucial because they can inform the doctor about the proper sort of diagnosis to make and the operation to do to treat the disease. Colorectal surgeons may also utilise sigmoidoscopy, defecating proctography, and proctoscopy as diagnostic techniques. Due to its lower dangers, shorter recovery period, and ability to perform surgery with smaller, more precise incisions thanks to the use of laparoscopic instruments, the laparoscopic method has recently experienced a spike in popularity.

Mechanical bowel preparation

Mechanical Bowel Preparation (MBP) is a procedure lacking evidence in the literature, wherein fecal matter is expelled from the bowel lumen prior to surgery, most commonly by using sodium phosphate.

Following are the surgical conditions affecting the colon;

• Vein edoema, inflammation, and varicosities in the rectum and anus (hemorrhoids).
• Improper connections or pathways between the rectum or other anorectal region and the skin surface; unnatural cracks or rips in the anus (anal fistulas).
• Extreme cases of constipation; faecal incontinence; and protrusion of the rectum’s walls through the anus (rectal prolapse).
• Birth problems like imperforate aneurism.
• Rectal and colon cancer (colorectal cancer), treatment of severe colic disorders including crohn’s disease.
• Repositioning of the rectal area if it has fallen out.
• Anal cancer.
• Any injuries to the anus.
• Removal of objects inserted into anus.

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